年齡因素與刺激色彩及刺激數量對高齡者短期記憶之影響
吳嘉真、黃國珍
doi:10.6283/JOCSG.201807_6(2).163
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中文摘要 醫療技術進步，延長了人類的壽命，以致高齡人口比例激增。老化是一種不可避免的生理過程，它造成高齡者身心機能的衰退，其中記憶力的衰退最為常見，這種認知能力的衰退，嚴重影響高齡者的生活品質與福祉。因此，如何藉由瞭解高齡者的短期記憶容量及空間記憶廣度，開發設計適於高齡者記憶衰退特性之產品，應能減少高齡者因遺忘導致的生活不便，有效改善高齡者生活品質與福祉。
本研究執行二項實驗，實驗一採實驗法探討刺激色彩、背景明度、刺激字數、回答延宕時間、以及年齡因素對受試者短期記憶績效的影響。刺激呈現於螢幕供受試者閱讀記憶，結果發現，年齡因素顯著影響受試者的短期記憶績效，大學生的記憶正確率顯著較高齡者為高；背景明度與刺激字數都顯著影響受試者的記憶正確率，但未發現回答延宕時間與刺激字色彩具有記憶效應。實驗二旨在探討刺激字數、刺激色彩、回答延宕時間、以及年齡因素對受試者空間記憶廣度的影響。刺激字隨機呈現於螢幕上九宮格內之任何宮格，受試者需於回答延宕時間後，立即口頭報出刺激內容，結果發現，年齡因素顯著影響受試者的回憶正確率，大學生的回憶正確率顯著較高齡者為高。刺激字數與刺激字色彩都顯著影響受試者的回憶正確率，然而回答延宕時間並未顯著影響受試者的回憶正確率。本研究結果可供設計適於高齡者記憶特性的產品之參考，以增進高齡化產品之使用性，促進高齡者的生活品質與福祉。
關鍵字：高齡者、短期記憶、記憶廣度、空間記憶廣度
文章建立時間：2018-08-03
引用格式(APA)：
吳嘉真、黃國珍(2018)。 年齡因素與刺激色彩及刺激數量對高齡者短期記憶之影響。
福祉科技與服務管理學刊， 6(2)， 163-178。
Effects of age, stimuli color, and number of stimuli on short-term memory in the elderly
Wu, C.-C., Huang, K.-C.
English Abstract Advances in medical technology have prolonged the lifespan of human beings, resulting in a surge in the proportion of older people. Aging is an inevitable physiological process that causes the decline of the physical and mental functions of the elderly. The decline in cognitive ability severely affects the quality of life and well-being of the elderly. Therefore, a better understanding of the short-term memory capacity and visuospatial memory span of the elderly can help in the development of products designed to meet the memory decline characteristics of the elderly and reduce the inconvenience caused by forgetfulness, thus improving the quality of life and well-being of the elderly.
Two experiments were performed in this study to explore the effects of stimuli color, background brightness, number of stimuli words, answering delay time, and age on short-term memory of subjects. Results show that age significantly affected short-term memory; the accuracy rate of the memory of college students was significantly higher than that of the elderly. Background brightness and the number of stimuli words also significantly affected the short-term memory of subjects. Answer delay time and stimulus color were not found to significantly affect the dependent variable. Experiment 2 aims to explore the effects of the number of stimuli words, stimuli color, answering delay time, and age on the visuospatial memory of subjects. Results show that age significantly affected the recall rate of the subjects; the recall rate of college students was significantly higher than that of the elderly. Both the number of stimuli word and the stimuli color significantly affected the subject's recall rate. However, the response delay time did not significantly affect the subject's recall rate. The results of this study can be used to inform the design of products suitable for the memory characteristics of the elderly, to promote the use of aging products, and promote the quality of life and well-being of the elderly.Keywords：the elderly, short-term memory, memory span, visuospatial memory span