問題類型與困難度對高齡者解題績效之影響
陳金足、吳嘉真、黃國珍、林科町
doi:10.6283/JOCSG.201809_6(3).221
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中文摘要 科技發展讓生活便利，也使得介面設計與操作程序也越趨複雜。若使用產品時所需的認知需求超出高齡者的負荷，勢必造成高齡者操作的困難。因此，設計者應遵循「以人為中心」的設計理念，了解影響高齡者解題績效之設計因素，始能因應高齡者的認知特性，開發設計適合高齡者解題能力的產品或介面，以提升產品的使用性，激發高齡者之使用動機。本研究旨在探討問題類型（歸納推導、字詞排列、河內之塔）、困難度（低、中、高）、以及問題訊息呈現方式（文字呈現vs.數字呈現）之解題效應。研究結果發現：(1)問題類型、問題困難度和教育程度都顯著影響受試者對以文字呈現的問題之解題時間，但都未顯著影響受試者的解題錯誤率；(2)問題類型與問題困難度顯著影響受試者對以數字呈現的問題之解題時間與解題錯誤率；教育程度顯著影響受試者對以數字呈現的問題之解題錯誤率，但未顯著影響解題時間；(3)問題困難度顯著影響受試者對河內之塔問題之解題時間與解題步驟增加數；教育水準顯著影響受試者對河內之塔問題之解題步驟增加數，但未顯著影響解題時間。研究結果可供高齡者所用之產品或介面設計之參考，以提升產品或介面之使用性，激發高齡者之使用動機。
關鍵字：高齡者、解題績效、問題類型、問題困難度
文章建立時間：2018-09-25
引用格式(APA)：
陳金足、吳嘉真、黃國珍、林科町(2018)。 問題類型與困難度對高齡者解題績效之影響。
福祉科技與服務管理學刊， 6(3)， 221-238。
Influence of problem type and difficulty of problem on problem-solving performance in the elderly
Chen, C.-T., Wu, C.-C., Huang, K.-C., Lin, K.-D.
English Abstract As living standards rise and medical technology advances, the proportion of elderly persons increases year by year. This in turn makes the interface design and operating procedures for the elderly more complex. If the use of the product requires a cognitive load that is beyond that of the elderly, operational difficulties arise. Therefore, it is necessary to study the problem-solving strategies of the elderly. Designers should adopt the "people-centered" design concept and understand the design factors that affect product use by the elderly. This way, they can develop products or interfaces that are suitable for the elderly and correspond to their cognitive characteristics. This study explores the effects of problem types (inductive derivation, word arrangement, Tower of Hanoi), difficulty (low, medium, high), and problem message presentation (text presentation vs. digital presentation) on the performance of problem-solving by the elderly. The results show that: (1) The type of problem, the difficulty of the problem, and educational level significantly affected the time taken to solve a problem presented as text, but did not significantly affect the subject's problem-solving error rate. (2) The type of problem and the difficulty of the problem significantly affect the subject's problem-solving time and problem-solving error rate for problems presented as numbers; the educational level also significantly affects the subject's problem-solving error rate but did not significantly affect problem-solving time. (3) The difficulty of problem significantly affects the subject's problem-solving time and the number of problem-solving steps for the Tower of Hanoi; the educational level also significantly affects the number of problem-solving steps but did not significantly affect problem-solving time. The present results could be used as a reference for product or interface design in products aimed at the elderly to enhance product use of and to motivate the elderly.Keywords：the elderly, problem-solving performance, type of problem, difficulty of problem